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Alzheimer's Disease
An Introduction for Searchers
We seem to do several searches for Alzheimer's patients every year. Since these patients are natural clients of search and rescue, it's smart to know something about this disease.
Background
What is Alzheimer's Disease? Alzheimer's is a progressive, degenerative disease of the cognitive centers of the brain. It is a leading cause of dementia in old age. It is commonly measured in 4 stages:
Stage 1: Forgetfulness. Not just where she parked the car, but that she drove here at all.
Stage 2: Trouble balancing his checkbook, managing finances etc. Sometimes he needs family help to pay his huge debts. Wandering starts at this stage.
Stage 3: Becomes a danger to herself. The house needs to be childproofed and the car keys hidden.
Stage 4: Can't care for himself or recognize his children. Does have caring feelings and remembers caring touches.
How common is Alzheimer's? There are 4 million patients in the United States, 400,000 in California, and 15,000 in Sacramento County. 5% of the population over 65 has Alzheimer's.
What is it like for the patient? Its like he has suddenly been projected forward in time. Where just the day before yesterday he had a job, a family and a house, today he's retired, the kids are gone, and he lives in a nursing home. You can imagine why he is confused!
Why does the patient wander? He may be looking for his old house, his old job, or something else familiar. He may be trying to escape from something that seems frightening. He may be trying to meet his "obligations" toward work, family, etc.
Does wandering behavior repeat? Yes. Once wandering starts, it usually continues.
SAR Consideration
Will the RP always tell you their loved one has Alzheimer's? Not always. The family's denial can be intense, and they often wait for a crisis to seek help. Commonly, families will take the wanderer camping. This is a big mistake, and a potential SAR.
How far will Alzheimer's patients travel? Farther than you expect. It is easy to underestimate their ability to travel on foot, and their agility in getting over fences and gates is surprising. Also, since patients can appear lucid and normal in simple tasks, it is possible for them to buy a bus or an airplane ticket and travel clear outside the search area.
If I find a missing Alzheimer's patient, how should I approach her?
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